The history of Oyama-city
Oyama-city located in the southern part of Tochigi Prefecture is divided
into east and west by Omoigawa river which flows north and south in the
center of the city, west has become the lowlands of alluvium and the east
has become the plateau of a diluvium.
For instance,the fossil of the tooth of the naumann elephant believed to
have been about 400,000 years ago beneath the plateau of a diluvium,and
the stone implement believed to have been about 35,000 years ago on the
plateau,had been discovered,there are longtime nature and longtime history.
In the ruins of the Terano-higashi the watering place and the huge ruins
of annular landfill,of the inside of the Jomon period and the second half
about 4000 - 3000 years ago, was discovered,so those show that people of
those days were leading the settlement life over hundreds of years.
The Biwa-tsuka ancient tomb and the Marishiten-tsuka ancient tomb in a
northern part have been known as a keyhole-shaped mound of the maximum
scale in the prefecture,and it turns out that Oyama was located in the
central part of the ancient Shimotsuke province.
As for the name of a place of "Oyama" appearing historically,
it is the first to be introduced as one of the 11 hometown of the Tsuga
gun, Shimotsuke province in "Wamyousho" described at the Heian
period.About the origin of the name of a place, although there are various
views,because it seems that the plateau of an eastern part has the form
of a small mountain, if it sees from the lowlands of Omoigawa river western
part. This is leading theory.
The Age of the Sengoku era from the Kamakura era, it just became the headquarters
of Mr. Oyama,who played an active part as Shugo of the Shimotsuke province
or Hyojoshu of the Kamakura shogunate.The ruins of Washi-jyo castle and
the ruins of Gion-jyo castle,which remain in the city, have told the traces
of the medieval architecture divided by the dry moat or the ground.
In early stages of Edo era, although Masazumi Honda of Fudai-daimyo became
the lord of the castle of Oyama.After Mr. Honda had been transferd, it
was lost, the Oyama palace which serves as a rest station in the case of
a Nikko visit to a shrine of a Tokugawa-syogun family was erected in ruins
of a castle.And it was put under rule of a Han or a shogunate.In Nikko
road, it was showing prosperity as a post town where the byroad to every
direction of Sano・Tochigi・Yuki・Mibu branches,moreover many riverbanks
by the shipping service of Omoigawa river as a inland waterway also prospered.
In Meiji era, each railroad of Tohoku Line, Ryomo Line, and Mito Line started
business, and it accomplished development as a distributing center of commodities.In
Meiji 22,municipality organization was enforced,and ten towns and villages
of Oyama・Mamada・Namai・Oya・Hodumi・Samukawa・Naka・Toyoda・Kuwa・Kinu
were born.In Showa 29 of the postwar period,Oyama-town and Oya-village
merged,then Oyama city was formed.After that,it merged surrounding towns
and villages one after another, and it became present Oyama city in Showa
40.
At present, the principal national highway of the national highway No.4
line, the new No.4 line, and the No.50 line, and JR Tohoku Line, Tohoku
Shinkansen, Ryomo Line and Mito Line run to north, south, east and west,
respectively.As an important place of land traffic,and taking a geographical
advantage of 60km from Tokyo, industrial complexes and residential sections
are increasing one after another,the population is over 150,000, and it
is continuing remarkable progress as the 3rd city in the prefecture.
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